{"id":3900,"date":"2010-04-17T10:44:53","date_gmt":"2010-04-17T07:44:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/?page_id=3900"},"modified":"2012-01-31T10:43:16","modified_gmt":"2012-01-31T08:43:16","slug":"misir-dini","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/mitolojiler\/misir-dini\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u0131s\u0131r Dini"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u0131s\u0131r Dini<\/strong><\/h3>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndaki, hemen hemen sonsuz \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6steren tanr\u0131 tasvirleri eski m\u0131s\u0131r dininin yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n dini \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 bir din olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, ger\u00e7ek ise t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck dinler gibi tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fudur. Bug\u00fcn uzmanlar Eski M\u0131s\u0131r tap\u0131naklar\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok tanr\u0131 tasviri bulunmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bunlar\u0131n sadece rahipler ve tap\u0131naklar\u0131n bilgeleri taraf\u0131ndan bilinen ve tap\u0131n\u0131lan tek bir tanr\u0131n\u0131n niteliklerini temsil etti\u011fi konusunda hemfikirdirler. M\u0131s\u0131r tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek yerinde tek, \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz, yarat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen ve sakl\u0131 olan ula\u015f\u0131lmaz derinlikteki bir tanr\u0131 durur.Bu tek tanr\u0131 t\u00fcm sonsuzlu\u011fu ve tanr\u0131sal karakterleri i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131rda tap\u0131n\u0131lan tanr\u0131lar de\u011fildi fakat tanr\u0131lar\u0131n ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda gizli olan isimsiz ve \u015fekilsiz Tanr\u0131yd\u0131. Tek bir fikir her \u015feye h\u00fckmeder, biricik ve \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz tek tanr\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r rahipleri O\u2019nu \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlar: \u201cO kendili\u011finden
\nvarolan, t\u00fcm hayat\u0131n efendisi, babalar\u0131n babas\u0131, annelerin annesidir\u201d ve derler ki \u201cDi\u011fer t\u00fcm tanr\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc ondan gelir\u201d ve \u201c G\u00fcne\u015fin parlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 O\u2019ndand\u0131r, yery\u00fcz\u00fcyle g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc birbirinden ay\u0131ran O\u2019dur, ve yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015fta uyum h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrer.\u201d Bununla birlikte tek tanr\u0131ya inanmak da M\u0131s\u0131r halk\u0131 i\u00e7in daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131r. Rahipler, O\u2019nun niteliklerini ve \u00e7e\u015fitli rollerini gizli y\u00f6nlerinin anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretirler. Tanr\u0131n\u0131n en m\u00fckemmel sureti \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle g\u00fcne\u015ftir: Form, \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve \u0131s\u0131. G\u00fcne\u015fin ruhu sakl\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f anlam\u0131ndaki Amon veya Amon-Ra ismiyle an\u0131l\u0131r. O ya\u015fam\u0131n babas\u0131d\u0131r ve di\u011fer tanr\u0131lar sadece O\u2019nun v\u00fccudun de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6l\u00fcmleridir.\u015eimdi \u00fcnl\u00fc M\u0131s\u0131r fig\u00fcrlerini a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliriz.Antik dinselli\u011fin ustalar\u0131 bize \u00fcst\u00fcn varolu\u015fu anlat\u0131r, evrenin yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 O\u2019nun biricik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r, \u015fahs\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Yaratmak i\u00e7in kendisinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaz ama kendi i\u00e7inde yarat\u0131r. O ayn\u0131 anda hem Baba hem Anne hem de Tanr\u0131dan ayr\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n Tanr\u0131n\u0131n o\u011fludur. Buradaki \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi tanr\u0131 i\u00e7inde tanr\u0131d\u0131r ve tanr\u0131sal birli\u011fin do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 bozmaktan uzakt\u0131r. Hep birlikte Tanr\u0131n\u0131n sonsuz m\u00fckemmelli\u011fini olu\u015ftururlar. Baba o\u011fulla birlikte yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fc simgeler, Baban\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak O\u2019nun ebedili\u011fine i\u015faret eder.<\/p>\n

Evrende hi\u00e7bir \u015fey ne i\u00e7 ne d\u0131\u015f,ne k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ne b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bir tek yasa ve o yasan\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir tek i\u015f vard\u0131r. Bu s\u00f6zlerin anlam\u0131n\u0131 anlayan ger\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Kimi insanlar bu anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla \u00f6teki insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6remediklerini g\u00f6rebilirler. Oysa nedenler nedeni daima gizlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sonsuzluk, pek k\u0131sa bir son olan zaman i\u00e7inde anlat\u0131lmaz, anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. Bizler ancak \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra onu anlayabilir ve anlatabiliriz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o zaman bizler de s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ve sonsuz olaca\u011f\u0131z. Ya\u015farken zaman ve mekanla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131y\u0131z, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7inde kavranamaz.<\/p>\n

Her M\u0131s\u0131r eyaletinin i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f, kendi tanr\u0131 fig\u00fcrleri vard\u0131 fakat bu tanr\u0131sal birlikle M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n merkez y\u00f6netiminin fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131rsa daha uzla\u015fmac\u0131 bir tutumdu. Abydos\u2019un en b\u00fcy\u00fck tanr\u0131s\u0131 Osiris, \u0130sis ve Horus\u2019tan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Bu M\u0131s\u0131rda en pop\u00fcler tap\u0131nma bi\u00e7imiydi ve ba\u015ftanba\u015fa, her yerde uygulanmaktayd\u0131. Osiris iyili\u011fi temsil ediyordu ve \u201c\u0130yi Tanr\u0131 olarak\u201d an\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Memphisteki tanr\u0131y\u0131 ise Ptah, Sekmeth ve Nefer-Tum \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc meydana getiriyordu. Teb\u2019in ki ise Amon, Mut ve Khonsu idi. M\u0131s\u0131rda \u00fc\u00e7leme sadece ilkel geleneklere dayan bir bat\u0131l inan\u00e7 sistemi de\u011fildi. Kutsal kitaplarda bir de temel g\u00fcnah bulunur, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 Tanr\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc insan neslinin gelecekteki yenilenmeleri ve zaman\u0131n sonunda v\u00fccudun yeniden dirili\u015fi s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

Her hanedan de\u011fi\u015fiminde Tektanr\u0131c\u0131 bir devrim ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve Y\u00fcce Varolu\u015f di\u011fer tanr\u0131lar\u0131n tap\u0131m\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcn gelir. Akhenaton\u2019un (Amenofis, Amenhotep) dinsel devrimi Osiris\u2019in ad\u0131n\u0131 anmamada Kral Menes\u2019inkinden \u00f6nde yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akhenaton \u0130.\u00d6 14.yy. da tektanr\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini dinde toptan bir devrim yapma amac\u0131 g\u00fcderek ortaya atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Daha \u00f6nce de anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi M\u0131s\u0131rda her yerin kendine ait tanr\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131 ve Teb\u2019inki de Amon\u2019du. B\u00fcy\u00fck tanr\u0131 Ra\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00f6nemsiz say\u0131lan Amon Teb ba\u015fkent olunca Amon-Ra ad\u0131n\u0131 alarak ba\u015f tanr\u0131 olmu\u015ftu.B\u00fct\u00fcn tanr\u0131lar g\u00fc\u00e7lerini g\u00fcne\u015ften almaktayd\u0131lar ,Ra da do\u011fan g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Kral Amenhoteb, evrensel g\u00fcne\u015fin evrensel bir din yaratmaya yetece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek, Amon\u2019un yerine g\u00fcne\u015f yuvarla\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ki\u015fiselle\u015ftiren \u201caton\u201d\u2019u ge\u00e7irdi. Ba\u015fta Amon olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn tanr\u0131lar\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131 tap\u0131naklardan sildirmi\u015f, onlara tap\u0131nmay\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kendisi de Amon ho\u015fnuttur anlam\u0131na gelen Amenhoteb ad\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p Aton\u2019un b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cAkhenaton\u201dad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Tek tanr\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve b\u00fct\u00fcn insnal\u0131\u011fa seslenecek evrensel din \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc Teb kentinde ba\u015faramayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131nca da g\u00fcne\u015f yuvarla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ufku anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cAkhetaton\u201d( bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131 Tel \u2013El -Amarna)ad\u0131nda yeni bir ba\u015fkent kurdu. Kimi uzmanlara g\u00f6re de Teb rahiplerinin siyasal egemenliklerini k\u0131rmak ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan uyruklar\u0131 dakendisine ba\u011flamak istiyordu Akhenaton \u00e7ok dindad\u0131,tektanr\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6te alemin efendisi ve \u00f6l\u00fclerin ruhlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcce yarg\u0131c\u0131 Osiris\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 gelmekti.Ayr\u0131ca kendisini \u00e7ok fazla dine verdi\u011fi ve devlet i\u015fleriyle ilgilenmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in M\u0131s\u0131r zay\u0131flamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00c7\u0131karlar\u0131yla oynanmas\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 ho\u015flanmayan ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bunlar\u0131 da bahane etti Akhenaton ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131larak M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n eski dinine d\u00f6nmesi sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ruhlar\u0131n tart\u0131lma rit\u00fceline g\u00f6re son t\u00f6rende (\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131) \u00f6l\u00fc ki\u015finin ruhu kutsal bir kay\u0131kla Cennet Bah\u00e7elerinin sular\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Kay\u0131k sular\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011finde ne\u015feden ve kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131ktan rahats\u0131z olan lanetlilerin ruhlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 bir yere gelir.<\/p>\n

Kay\u0131k yolculu\u011funa devam eder ve \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeyi ge\u00e7tikten sonra, az \u00e7ok bizimkine benzeyen arafa gelinir. Sonunda Osiris ve k\u0131rk yarg\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen y\u00fcce mahkemeye ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Osiris\u2019in tuttu\u011fu tanr\u0131sal terazinin bir taraf\u0131na \u00f6l\u00fc ki\u015finin kalbi di\u011fer taraf\u0131na da Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Maat\u2019\u0131n simgesi olan t\u00fcy koyulur.\u00d6l\u00fc ki\u015finin k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00e7ok iyili\u011fi varsa ger\u00e7e\u011fin sesi ve b\u00f6ylece de Tanr\u0131 Osiris\u2019in mistik bedeninin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelir ve Cennet Bah\u00e7elerinden i\u00e7eri al\u0131n\u0131r. E\u011fer b\u00f6yle de\u011filse kalp timsah ba\u015fl\u0131 ve su ayg\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6vdeli bir hayvan taraf\u0131ndan yenilerek \u00f6te alemdeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok olur. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcler kitab\u0131, Osiris\u2019in mahkemesinde okunacak a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 form\u00fclle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

\u201cHi\u00e7 kimseye k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck etmedim. Yak\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131 bahts\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklemedim. Ger\u00e7ek evinde al\u00e7akl\u0131k etmedim. Kimseyi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131m. Benim y\u00fcz\u00fcmden kimse korku duymad\u0131, yoksulluk ve ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmedi, bahts\u0131z olmad\u0131. Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri \u015feyleri asla yapmad\u0131m. K\u00f6lelere k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele etmedim ve ettirmedim. Kimseyi a\u00e7 b\u0131rakmad\u0131m, kimseye g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6kt\u00fcrmedim. Kimseyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrmedim ve kimsenin kahpece \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini emretmedim. Kimseye yalan s\u00f6ylemedim, hi\u00e7bir utand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 davran\u0131\u015fta bulunmad\u0131m. Zina etmedim. Yiyecekleri pahal\u0131 ve eksik satmad\u0131m, teraziyi kullan\u0131rken hi\u00e7bir zaman hile yapmad\u0131m. S\u00fct \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndan s\u00fct\u00fc uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131m. Hayvanlar\u0131 \u00e7almad\u0131m. Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ku\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 avlamad\u0131m, \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tutmad\u0131m. Hi\u00e7bir ark\u0131n suyunu ba\u015fka y\u00f6ne \u00e7evirmedim. Ben temizim, temizim, temizim, temizim…<\/p>\n

Bu noktada piramitlerde ve tap\u0131naklarda neden bir\u00e7ok g\u00fcnl\u00fck e\u015fya bulundu\u011fu sorulabilir. \u0130nsan hayat\u0131n\u0131n fiziksel \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra hayat\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011finin Antik M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n temel dinsel fikri oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat t\u00fcm bunlar d\u00fcnyadaki hayat\u0131nda neye sahip olduysa \u00f6teki d\u00fcnyaya eri\u015fti\u011finde de ayn\u0131 \u015feylere sahip olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7indir. Bu nedenle \u00f6len ki\u015finin nesi var nesi yoksa \u00f6te alemde ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilmesi i\u00e7in onunla beraber g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00d6l\u00fclerin yan\u0131nda ev e\u015fyalar\u0131, giysiler, yiyecek ve i\u00e7eceklerin yan\u0131nda \u00f6teki d\u00fcnyada ona hizmet etmesi i\u00e7in hizmet\u00e7ileri, k\u00f6leleri de g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece 2.hayat\u0131n\u0131 rahat ge\u00e7irece\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong> <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Abbac Chalaby All of Egypt – Bonechi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
\nDonna Rosenberg D\u00fcnya Mitolojisi – \u0130mge Kitabevi
\nJoseph Campbell Do\u011fu Mitolojisi – \u0130mge Kitabevi
\nOrhan Han\u00e7erlio\u011flu Felsefe S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc – Remzi Kitabevi
\nAzra Erhat Mitoloji S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc – Remzi itabevi
\nDiscovery Channel<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
Evrim \u201cSiyahipek<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(Bu yaz\u0131 lostlibrary.org<\/strong> sitesinden, yay\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n izni al\u0131narak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u0131s\u0131r Dini M\u0131s\u0131r tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndaki, hemen hemen sonsuz \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6steren tanr\u0131 tasvirleri eski m\u0131s\u0131r dininin yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n dini \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 bir din olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, ger\u00e7ek ise t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck dinler gibi tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fudur. Bug\u00fcn uzmanlar Eski M\u0131s\u0131r tap\u0131naklar\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok tanr\u0131 tasviri bulunmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bunlar\u0131n sadece rahipler ve tap\u0131naklar\u0131n bilgeleri taraf\u0131ndan bilinen […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":59,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3900","page","type-page","status-publish"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3900"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3900\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}