Zeus, korkun\u00e7 \u015fim\u015fe\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesizce kullanan, gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131n pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fen bir tanr\u0131yd\u0131; Ares, sava\u015ftan, kan d\u00f6k\u00fclmesinden ho\u015flan\u0131rd\u0131; Hera k\u0131skan\u00e7 olmas\u0131 ile birlikte, adalet diye bir \u015fey tan\u0131mazd\u0131. Athena\u2019da \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 severdi; Aphrodite\u2019e tuzak kurmakta, a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 atmakta pek ustayd\u0131 do\u011frusu. Yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131, g\u00fczel tanr\u0131lard\u0131 bunlar, ser\u00fcvenleri de keyifle dinlenirdi; ama zararl\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131 zamanlarda bile \u00e7ekilmez, g\u00fcvenilmezlerdi.<\/p>\n
Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan ele al\u0131n\u0131nca \u00f6tekilerden ayr\u0131lan iki tanr\u0131 vard\u0131; insano\u011flunun en iyi arkada\u015flar\u0131yd\u0131lar onlar: Kronos ile Rhea\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131zlar\u0131, Bereket, Ba\u015fak tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 DEMETER (CERES) ile \u015earap tanr\u0131s\u0131 DIONYSOS (BACCHUS). Demeter, Dionysos\u2019dan daha ya\u015fl\u0131yd\u0131; insano\u011flunun \u00fcz\u00fcmden \u00f6nce bu\u011fday yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011flanabilir bu. Bolluk, Bereket sa\u00e7an \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz\u00fcn, tanr\u0131 de\u011fil de tanr\u0131\u00e7a olmas\u0131 akla yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Erkekler avda yada sava\u015ftayken tarlalarda kad\u0131nlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131; bir tanr\u0131\u00e7a o kad\u0131nlar\u0131n duygular\u0131n\u0131, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fleri bir tanr\u0131dan daha iyi bilirdi. Kad\u0131nlar da bir tanr\u0131\u00e7ay\u0131 daha iyi anlayabilirlerdi tabii …<\/p>\n
Demeter\u2019e adan\u0131lan bayram, hasat zaman\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6nceleri, t\u00f6ren son derece basitti: yeni bu\u011fdaydan pi\u015firilen ilk ekmek b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek, tanr\u0131\u00e7aya dualar edilerek yenilirdi. Bu g\u00f6steri\u015fsiz t\u00f6ren daha sonra esrarl\u0131 bir tap\u0131nma haline gelmi\u015ftir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bayram be\u015f y\u0131lda bir Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131na gelir, dokuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcrerdi. O kutsal g\u00fcnlerde b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fler b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r, \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6ylenir, oyunlar oynan\u0131rd\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok yazar o \u015fenlikleri anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ama tap\u0131nakta yap\u0131lan as\u0131l t\u00f6ren hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir bilgimiz yoktur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00f6rene kat\u0131lanlar kimseye bir \u015fey anlatmamak \u00fczerine yemin ederlerdi.<\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck tap\u0131nak, Athenai yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u015fehir olan Eleusis\u2019deydi. Orada yap\u0131lan t\u00f6renler, Yunan d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kadar Latin d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda da sayg\u0131yla an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sa\u2019dan \u00f6nceki y\u00fczy\u0131lda Cicero \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201dBu esrarl\u0131 t\u00f6renlerden y\u00fcce bir \u015fey yoktur. Davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fczelle\u015ftirmi\u015f, geleneklerimizi yumu\u015fatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r onlar; yabanl\u0131ktan ger\u00e7ek insanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7memizi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bize, mutluluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015famay\u0131 de\u011fil, iyi bir umutla \u00f6lmeyi de \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Nas\u0131l olmu\u015fsa olmu\u015f, Asma ve \u015earap tanr\u0131s\u0131 Dionysos bir yolunu bularak Eleusis\u2019e girip Demeter\u2019in yan\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ama garipsenecek bir olay de\u011fildir bu; iki \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczde, insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. \u015earab\u0131n i\u00e7ilmesi de, ekme\u011fin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi kadar \u00f6nemliydi insanlar i\u00e7in. \u00dcz\u00fcmler, sular\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131lmaya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman, hasat zaman\u0131, Dionysos\u2019un bayram\u0131da yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Sevin\u00e7 tanr\u0131s\u0131 Dionysos, duru y\u0131ld\u0131z Ama Dionysos da, Demeter de her zaman birer sevin\u00e7 tanr\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fillerdi. Sevin\u00e7 kadar ac\u0131y\u0131 da yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131rd\u0131 onlar. Bu bak\u0131mdan \u00f6teki \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczlere benzemezlerdi. \u201cR\u00fczgar\u0131n hi\u00e7 esmedi\u011fi, ya\u011fmurun, beyaz kar y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi Olympos\u2019da mutluluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015farlar; Apollon\u2019un g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f lirini, Musalar\u0131n cevap veren tatl\u0131 seslerini dinlerler. Kharitlerin Hebe\u2019yle, Aphrodite\u2019le dans edi\u015fine bakarlar. Bir \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131 kaplar hepsini.\u201d<\/em> Ama yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ya\u015fayan iki tanr\u0131, y\u00fcrek par\u00e7alayan ac\u0131n\u0131 ne oldu\u011funu pek iyi bilirdi.<\/p>\n Bu\u011fdaylar, alt\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcmler topland\u0131ktan sonra ne olur? G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde ba\u015faklar, asmalar kalmay\u0131nca ne olur? Tarlalar\u0131n ye\u015filli\u011finin yerini kara k\u0131ra\u011f\u0131 al\u0131nca ne olur? \u0130nsanlar, kendi kendilerine bu sorular\u0131 sorarlard\u0131 i\u015fte. G\u00fcnler, geceler, mevsimler ge\u00e7er, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar d\u00f6ner, bu olay hep tekrarlan\u0131rd\u0131. Demeter ile Dionysos hasat g\u00fcnlerinin mutlu tanr\u0131lar\u0131yd\u0131lar, ama ya k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ne yaparlard\u0131? K\u0131\u015f\u0131n ac\u0131 \u00e7ekerdi onlar, toprak da \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fclere g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bunun neden b\u00f6yle oldu\u011funu ara\u015ft\u0131ranlar, kayna\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fclerde bulmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n DEMETER (CERES)<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu \u00f6yk\u00fc, \u0130. \u00d6. sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131yla yedinci Demeter\u2019in Persephone (Latince\u2019de, Proserpina) adl\u0131 bir k\u0131z\u0131 vard\u0131. Onu yitirince \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc Demeter, b\u00fct\u00fcn arma\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131 topraktan \u00e7ekip ald\u0131. Ye\u015fil, \u00e7i\u00e7ekli toprak buzlarla kapland\u0131, donmu\u015f bir bozk\u0131ra d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Persephone, arkada\u015flar\u0131yla \u00e7i\u00e7ek toplarken bir nergis g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f onu koparmak i\u00e7in uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O s\u0131rada yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan Yeralt\u0131 Tanr\u0131s\u0131, Demeter\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 bile\u011finden tutarak k\u00f6m\u00fcr karas\u0131 atlar\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi atarak ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131. Yeralt\u0131na inerken Persephone \u00f6yle a\u011flad\u0131 ki, da\u011flar\u0131n tepelerinden, denizlerin derinliklerinden yans\u0131yan sesini annesi duydu. Bir ku\u015f gibi, denizleri karalar\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131 ama k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n izini bulamad\u0131. Kimseler bir \u015fey bilmiyordu, \u201cne tanr\u0131lar, ne insanlar, ne de ku\u015f haberciler…\u201d Dokuz g\u00fcn dola\u015ft\u0131 Demeter, a\u011fz\u0131na ambrosia da koymad\u0131, nektar da. Sonunda G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in yan\u0131na gelerek ger\u00e7e\u011fi \u00f6\u011frendi: Persephone yeralt\u0131nda, \u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n Demeter\u2019in y\u00fcre\u011fine daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ac\u0131 sapland\u0131. Olympos\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131p yery\u00fcz\u00fcne indi, orada ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kimse kendisini tan\u0131mas\u0131n diye k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Umutsuzca dola\u015fa dola\u015fa Eleusis\u2019e geldi, bir duvar dibinden ge\u00e7en yola oturdu. Ya\u015fl\u0131 bir kad\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131r\u0131yordu; kuyudan su \u00e7ekmekte olan d\u00f6rt k\u0131z onu g\u00f6r\u00fcp yan\u0131na yakla\u015ft\u0131lar, ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sordular. Kendini yakalay\u0131p satmak isteyen korsanlardan ka\u00e7arak hi\u00e7 bilmedi\u011fi bu \u00fclkeye geldi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi tanr\u0131\u00e7a. K\u0131zlar, isterlerse onu evlerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrebileceklerini bildirdiler, ko\u015fup annelerinden izin ald\u0131lar. Karalar i\u00e7indeki ince Demeter, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne e\u011fip arkalar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. K\u0131zlar\u0131n annesi Metaneira, tanr\u0131\u00e7ay\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131; kutsal konuk kap\u0131dan ge\u00e7erken e\u015fi\u011fi bir \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131 kaplad\u0131, kuca\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ocu\u011fuyla oturan Metaneira\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne bir sayg\u0131 duygusu \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc.<\/p>\n Demeter\u2019i yan\u0131na oturtarak \u015farap sundu ona; ama Demeter \u015farap i\u00e7medi, i\u00e7ine nane kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f arpa suyu istedi. Tarlalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ren\u00e7berleri arpa suyu serinletir,tap\u0131n\u0131l\u0131rken kutsal kupadan arpa suyu i\u00e7ilirdi. Daha sonra, Metaneira\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011funu kuca\u011f\u0131na ald\u0131. Demeter, onu sevdi, ok\u015fad\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fctmek istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi annesine.<\/p>\n Demophoon b\u00f6ylece b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc; tanr\u0131\u00e7a ambrosia ile besliyordu onu, geceleri ate\u015fin k\u0131z\u0131l y\u00fcre\u011finde yat\u0131yordu. Amac\u0131 ona, \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck sonsuz gen\u00e7lik vermekti.<\/p>\n Ama anne, bilinmeyen bir sebepten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc tedirgindi; bir gece Demeter\u2019i g\u00f6zetledi, o\u011flunun ate\u015fe yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar atarak odaya girdi. Tanr\u0131\u00e7a \u00e7ok k\u0131zd\u0131 bu olaya, \u00e7ocu\u011fu tuttu\u011fu gibi yere f\u0131rlatt\u0131. \u0130htiyarl\u0131ktan, \u00f6l\u00fcmden kurtarmak istemi\u015fti onu.<\/p>\n Ans\u0131z\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirdi Demeter, tanr\u0131\u00e7a oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek istiyordu art\u0131k. Her yan\u0131ndan g\u00fczellik akt\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn evi \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131lar kaplad\u0131. Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Demeter oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. \u015eehirde bir tap\u0131nak kurup, kalbini ancak \u00f6yle kazanabileceklerini anlatt\u0131 kad\u0131na .<\/p>\n Metaneira\u2019n\u0131n dili tutulmu\u015ftu, tepeden t\u0131rna\u011fa titriyordu. Ertesi sabah olay\u0131 kocas\u0131na anlatt\u0131; kocas\u0131 da tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n dile\u011fini \u015fehirlilere bildirdi. Vakit ge\u00e7meden bir tap\u0131nak kurdular; Demeter\u2019de Olympos\u2019u b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcne b\u0131rak\u0131p tek ba\u015f\u0131na o tap\u0131na\u011fa geldi, g\u00fcnlerini k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zlemiyle ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n O y\u0131l bereketsiz ge\u00e7ti. Toprak bir \u015fey vermedi, bir \u015fey yeti\u015ftirmedi; \u00f6k\u00fczler sabah\u0131 umutsuzluk i\u00e7inde \u00e7ektiler. B\u00fct\u00fcn insan soyu a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lece\u011fe benziyordu. Sonunda Zeus, duruma el koymas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek tanr\u0131lar\u0131 Demeter\u2019e yollad\u0131, \u00f6fkesini bir yana b\u0131rakmas\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. Ama hi\u00e7 ald\u0131rmad\u0131 Demeter; k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnceye kadar toprak insanlara bir \u015fey vermeyecekti. Zeus, tek \u00e7arenin karde\u015fini kand\u0131rmak oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131. Hermes\u2019i yeralt\u0131na g\u00f6ndererek Persephone\u2019nin Demeter\u2019e geri verilmesini diledi.<\/p>\n Hermes, Persephone ile \u00f6l\u00fcler kral\u0131n\u0131 yan yana oturur buldu. Annesini \u00f6zledi\u011finden olacak, Persephone de iyice s\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Hermes\u2019in s\u00f6zlerini duyunca sevin\u00e7le aya\u011fa f\u0131rlad\u0131, hemen gitmek istedi. Kocas\u0131, Zeus\u2019un buyru\u011funu yerine getirmek gerekti\u011fini biliyordu. Kar\u0131s\u0131na giderken ona kendisini unutmamas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi, yeralt\u0131na tekrar d\u00f6nmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in de bir nar tanesi yedirdi.<\/p>\n Hermes, alt\u0131n araban\u0131n dizginlerini tutup da kara atlar\u0131 Demeter\u2019in tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131na bir s\u00fcrd\u00fc, bir s\u00fcrd\u00fc ki… Anneyle k\u0131z\u0131n kavu\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclecek bir \u015feydi. Kucakla\u015ft\u0131lar, \u00f6p\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler, oturup b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcn ba\u015flar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en olaylar\u0131 anlatt\u0131lar birbirlerine. Demeter, nar tanesini duyunca Zeus bir ba\u015fka haberciyi, kendi \u00f6z anas\u0131 Rhea\u2019y\u0131, tanr\u0131lar\u0131n en ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, Demeter\u2019e yollad\u0131. Olympos\u2019dan \u00e7orak, yapraks\u0131z topra\u011fa indi Rhea, tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131na dikilip Demeter\u2019e seslendi:<\/p>\n Gel k\u0131z\u0131m, uzaklar\u0131 g\u00f6ren, g\u00f6kleri g\u00fcrleten Zeus seni istiyor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Demeter kar\u015f\u0131 koymad\u0131 bu dile\u011fe. Y\u0131l\u0131n d\u00f6rt ay\u0131nda Persephone\u2019yi \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00fclkesine g\u00f6ndermeyi kabul etti. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n kendisine \u201c\u0130yi Tanr\u0131\u00e7a\u201d dediklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc, yapt\u0131klar\u0131ndan, getirdi\u011fi k\u0131tl\u0131ktan bir utand\u0131, bir utand\u0131 ki… Tarlalar\u0131, k\u00f6yleri, kasabalar\u0131, \u015fehirleri meyvelere bo\u011fdu. Parlak \u00e7i\u00e7ekler, yemye\u015fil a\u011fa\u00e7lar a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131. Eleusis\u2019den Triptolemos adl\u0131 birini se\u00e7ti, onun arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla insanlara ekin ekmesini \u00f6\u011fretti, esrarl\u0131 t\u00f6renlerde neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. O t\u00f6renlere kat\u0131lanlar dillerini tutacak, ama mutluluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayacaklard\u0131.<\/p>\n Kokulu Eleusis\u2019in tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131, Demeter ile Persephone\u2019nin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde ac\u0131, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 her y\u0131l \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6ren Demeter, sonsuz bir ac\u0131 i\u00e7indeydi. Persephone aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kuru, \u00e7orak topraklara bas\u0131nca bahar gelir, her yanda \u00e7i\u00e7ekler a\u00e7ard\u0131. Sappho \u015f\u00f6yle yazar:<\/p>\n \u00c7i\u00e7ekli bahar\u0131n ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 duydum…<\/em><\/p>\n Persephone\u2019nin ad\u0131mlar\u0131. O ad\u0131mlar\u0131n topra\u011fa neler getirdi\u011fini bilirdi Persephone, ama sonunda kendisini yine so\u011fuk \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn bekledi\u011fini de bilirdi. Karanl\u0131klar \u00fclkesinin kral\u0131 onu arabas\u0131na at\u0131p da yeralt\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn sevinci u\u00e7up giderdi.<\/p>\n Olymposlular \u201cmutlu tanr\u0131lar\u201dd\u0131, \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz tanr\u0131lar\u201dd\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcml\u00fc ki\u015filerle aralar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir u\u00e7urum vard\u0131. Ama \u00f6l\u00fcm saati gelip \u00e7att\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman insanlar, ac\u0131 \u00e7eken tanr\u0131\u00e7ayla \u00f6len tanr\u0131\u00e7ay\u0131 daha bir anlarlar, daha bir severlerdi.<\/p>\n DIONYSOS (BACCHUS)<\/strong><\/p>\n Dionysos, Olympos\u2019a giren tanr\u0131lar\u0131n sonuncusuydu. Dionysos, Zeus ile Thebai prensesi Semele\u2019nin o\u011fullar\u0131yd\u0131: Thebai\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015ftu. Annesi ile babas\u0131n\u0131n ikisi de \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz olmayan tek tanr\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Yaln\u0131z Thebai\u2019da do\u011furur \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc kad\u0131nlar Semele, Zeus\u2019un tutuldu\u011fu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n en talihsiziydi; bu talihsizli\u011fin sebebinin yine Hera oldu\u011fu kolayca anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Zeus, \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca tutulmu\u015ftu Semele\u2019ye; onun b\u00fct\u00fcn dilediklerini yerine getirece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi, Styks \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne yemin etti. \u00d6yle bir yemindi ki bu, tanr\u0131lar tanr\u0131s\u0131 bile s\u00f6z\u00fcnden d\u00f6nemezdi. Semele, Zeus\u2019u G\u00f6kler tanr\u0131s\u0131 ve \u015eim\u015fe\u011fin efendisi olarak, b\u00fct\u00fcn parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6rmek istedi. Asl\u0131nda Hera\u2019n\u0131n istedi\u011fi bir \u015feydi bu. Zeus \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fclere kendini tanr\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6steremezdi, tehlikeli olurdu bu, ama Styks \u00fcst\u00fcne yemin etmi\u015fti. Tanr\u0131 olarak geldi sevgilisine; Semele onun yak\u0131c\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131na dayanamayarak \u00f6ld\u00fc. Zeus tez davrand\u0131, do\u011fmak \u00fczere olan \u00e7ocu\u011fu prensesin karn\u0131ndan alarak saklad\u0131, do\u011funcaya kadar da Hera\u2019ya g\u00f6stermedi.<\/p>\n Do\u011funca, Hermes yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131 Dionysos\u2019u; kimsenin nerede oldu\u011funu bilmedi\u011fi, ama herkesin g\u00fczelli\u011fini anlata anlata bitiremedi\u011fi Nysa vadisine g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek oradaki nymphelere verdi. Baz\u0131lar\u0131, nymphelerin Hyadlar oldu\u011funu, Zeus\u2019un sonradan onlar\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131z diye g\u00f6\u011fe yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylerler. \u0130leri s\u00fcrd\u00fcklerine g\u00f6re Hyadlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fi ya\u011fmur ya\u011fd\u0131rmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Asma tanr\u0131s\u0131 b\u00f6ylece ate\u015ften do\u011fmu\u015f, ya\u011fmur taraf\u0131ndan yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015fti…. \u00dcz\u00fcmleri olgunla\u015ft\u0131ran yak\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve asmalara can veren su…<\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcnce, uzak, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkeleri dola\u015ft\u0131 Dionysos.<\/p>\n Alt\u0131nca zengin Lidya topraklar\u0131n\u0131, Gitti\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn yerlerde insanlara \u015farap yapmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretti, kendisine nas\u0131l tap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131; \u00fclkesine yakla\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar her yerde onu tanr\u0131 kabul ettiler.<\/p>\n Bir g\u00fcn karaya yakla\u015fan korsanlar, k\u0131y\u0131da \u00e7ok yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 bir delikanl\u0131n\u0131n oturmakta oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Kara, g\u00fcr sa\u00e7lar\u0131 omuzlar\u0131ndaki mor pelerine d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Y\u00fcce krallar\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131na benziyordu; bir ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lsa babas\u0131 onu geri almak i\u00e7in neler vermezdi… Korsanlar keyifle k\u0131y\u0131ya atlay\u0131p delikanl\u0131y\u0131 yakalad\u0131lar; gemiye \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar onu, ba\u011flamak istediler. Ama ipler, onun ellerine, ayaklar\u0131na de\u011fer de\u011fmez kopuyordu. Koyu g\u00f6zlerinde bir \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131yla kendilerine bakan delikanl\u0131y\u0131 ne kadar ba\u011flamak istedilerse olmad\u0131, ba\u015faramad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Onun tanr\u0131 oldu\u011funu yaln\u0131z d\u00fcmenci anlad\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini arkada\u015f\u0131na a\u00e7t\u0131, onu k\u0131y\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131p hemen ka\u00e7malar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, yoksa ba\u015flar\u0131na bir felaket gelebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Kimse dinlemedi kendisini, gemini kaptan\u0131 alay etti. Yelken a\u00e7t\u0131lar, r\u00fczgarda sert sert esiyordu; ama gemi hareket etmedi. Sonra arka arkaya inan\u0131lmaz \u015feyler olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. G\u00fcverteyi sel gibi \u015farap bast\u0131; yelkenin \u00fcst\u00fcnde olgun salk\u0131mlar\u0131yla bir asma belirdi; \u00e7i\u00e7ekli bir sarma\u015f\u0131k da dire\u011fe t\u0131rmand\u0131. Korsanlar d\u00fcmenciyi yakalayarak k\u0131y\u0131ya b\u0131rakmak istediler. \u0130\u015fte tam o anda tutsaklar\u0131, kocaman bir aslan haline geliverdi, korkun\u00e7 korkun\u00e7 k\u00fckredi. B\u00fct\u00fcn korsanlar denize atlad\u0131lar; ayaklar\u0131 suya de\u011fer de\u011fmez hepsi birer yunus oldu. Tanr\u0131 yaln\u0131z iyi y\u00fcrekli, d\u00fcmenciye ac\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Korkmamas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi ona; kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u015earap tanr\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131, Zeus ile Semele\u2019nin o\u011fullar\u0131 y\u00fcce Dionysos…<\/p>\n Bir keresinde de Lykurgos\u2019la aralar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Thrakia\u2019dan ge\u00e7erken o \u00fclkenin krallar\u0131ndan Lykurgos, ona tapmak istemedi, k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u00f6zler s\u00f6yledi. Dionysos ka\u00e7\u0131p denizin derinliklerinde sakland\u0131; bir s\u00fcre sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p kral\u0131 yendi, cezaland\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n Onu kayal\u0131k bir ma\u011fara kapad\u0131 Ama \u00f6teki tanr\u0131lar, Dionysos kadar iyi y\u00fcrekli, yumu\u015fak ba\u015fl\u0131 de\u011fildi. Zeus, Lykurgos\u2019u k\u00f6r etti, bir s\u00fcre sonra da can\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Tanr\u0131larla didi\u015fenler uzun ya\u015famazlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Dola\u015f\u0131rken, Naksos adas\u0131nda Girit prensesi Ariadne\u2019ye rastlad\u0131. Ariadne, Theseus\u2019un hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; ama Theseus onu Naksos adas\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131vermi\u015fti. Tanr\u0131, Ariadne\u2019ye ac\u0131d\u0131, onu kurtard\u0131, sevdi. \u00d6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zamanda, ona arma\u011fan etti\u011fi tac\u0131 al\u0131p y\u0131ld\u0131zlar aras\u0131na yerle\u015ftirdi<\/p>\n Hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi annesini unutmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onu \u00f6ylesine \u00f6zl\u00fcyordu ki, yer alt\u0131 \u00fclkesine inmeyi kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Annesini buldu\u011fu zaman da, \u00d6l\u00fcm\u2019e meydan okudu. \u00d6l\u00fcm yenilince Semele\u2019yi Olympos\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bir \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcyd\u00fc Semele, ama tanr\u0131 Dionysos\u2019un annesi oldu\u011fun i\u00e7in, \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczler onu aralar\u0131na almay\u0131 kabul ettiler.<\/p>\n \u015earap tanr\u0131s\u0131 iyi y\u00fcrekliydi, yumu\u015fak ba\u015fl\u0131yd\u0131 ya, can\u0131 isteyince herkesten k\u00f6t\u00fcde olabilirdi. S\u0131k s\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f, insanlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rtmakt\u0131. Kendilerine BAKKHALAR ad\u0131 da verilen MAINADLAR\u2019\u0131 da\u011flara, ormanlara sal\u0131vermi\u015fti. Bakkhalar, \u015faraptan \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rm\u0131\u015f kad\u0131nlard\u0131; \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar atarak ko\u015far, yakalad\u0131klar\u0131 yabani yarat\u0131klar\u0131n kanlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erlerdi. Bir \u015fey durdurmazd\u0131 kendilerini. Olympos tanr\u0131lar\u0131, t\u00f6renlerde, adaklarda d\u00fczeni severlerdi; bu \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ise tap\u0131naklar\u0131 yoktu. En yabani sa\u011flarda, en derin ormanlarda, ayak basmam\u0131\u015f korular\u0131n duru sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015farlard\u0131. Kal\u0131n yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar alt\u0131nda, yumu\u015fak, serin \u00e7imlerde yatar, uyan\u0131nca bir derede y\u0131kan\u0131r, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yabani g\u00fczelli\u011fi ortas\u0131nda, a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 tap\u0131n\u0131rlard\u0131. Sonra Dionysos\u2019un verdi\u011fi otlar\u0131, b\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrtlenleri yer, yaban ke\u00e7isinin s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7er, kanl\u0131 avlara \u00e7\u0131karlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Dionysos tap\u0131m\u0131 birbirine kar\u015f\u0131 bu iki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n ortas\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u015earap tanr\u0131s\u0131 kendisine tapanlara sevin\u00e7, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck de verebilirdi, yabani bir y\u0131k\u0131m da. En b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc annesini \u015fehri Thebai\u2019ye yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Dionysos, kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yerle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7i Thebai\u2019ye geldi. \u015eark\u0131lar s\u00f6yleyen, elleri sarma\u015f\u0131klarla s\u00fcsl\u00fc kad\u0131nlar geldi yan\u0131na. Hepsi, sevin\u00e7ten \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rm\u0131\u015f gibiydi. Semele\u2019nin k\u0131z karde\u015finin o\u011flu, Thebai kral\u0131 Pentheus, gelenleri g\u00f6rd\u00fc, ama ba\u015f\u0131ndakinin Dionysos oldu\u011funu bilmiyordu. Semele \u00f6l\u00fcrken Zeus\u2019un Dionysos\u2019u ka\u00e7\u0131rm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan bile haberi yoktu. \u015eehrin ortas\u0131nda bir toplulu\u011fun b\u00f6yle \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131p, ba\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 ho\u015flanmad\u0131; n\u00f6bet\u00e7ileri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak hepsini yakalatmak istedi. \u00d6nderleri i\u00e7inde \u015fu s\u00f6zleri s\u00f6yledi: \u201cY\u00fcz\u00fc \u015faraptan k\u0131zarm\u0131\u015f, besbelli bir Lidyal\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc.\u201d Ama bu s\u00f6zleri s\u00f6yler s\u00f6ylemez arkas\u0131ndan bir sesin kendisine \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u011fini duydu: \u201cKar\u015f\u0131 koydu\u011fun adam, yeni bir tanr\u0131d\u0131r. Semele\u2019nin o\u011fludur. \u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fcz Demeter\u2019le birlikte, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde insanlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck koruyucusudur.\u201d Konu\u015fan, Thabai\u2019li ihtiyar, k\u00f6r bak\u0131c\u0131, tanr\u0131lar\u0131n dile\u011fini b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fclerden daha iyi anlayabilen Teiresias\u2019di. Pentheus, ona cevap vermek i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fcnce Teiresias\u2019\u0131n da \u015fehre giren \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nlar gibi giyinmi\u015f, ak sa\u00e7lar\u0131na sarma\u015f\u0131klardan bir \u00e7elenk koymu\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Alay etti onunla, ihtiyar bak\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 yan\u0131ndan att\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Askerleri Dionysos\u2019u yakalay\u0131p yan\u0131na getirdiler. Hi\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131 koymam\u0131\u015f, hi\u00e7 direnmemi\u015fti Dionysos; askerler de utanarak onu yakalamak istemediklerini, buyru\u011fu Pentheus\u2019un vermi\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdi. Bunu, Pentheus\u2019a b\u00f6ylece anlatt\u0131lar; yakalad\u0131klar\u0131 gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131n da, da\u011flara ka\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar. Kilitler fayda etmemi\u015f, kap\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131vermi\u015fti. \u201cBu adam\u201d dediler, \u201cinan\u0131lmaz \u015feyler g\u00f6stererek girdi Thebai\u2019ye…\u201d<\/p>\n Pentheus\u2019un g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6fke b\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, a\u011f\u0131r s\u00f6zler s\u00f6yledi Dionysos\u2019a. Tanr\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir incelikle cevapland\u0131rd\u0131 onun sorular\u0131n\u0131, kendisini zindana atamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek, \u201cTanr\u0131 beni sal\u0131verir,\u201d dedi. Pentheus, \u00f6fkeyle Dionysos\u2019u ba\u011flay\u0131p zindana atmalar\u0131n\u0131 buyurdu. G\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken \u201cBana yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler, asl\u0131nda tanr\u0131lara yap\u0131l\u0131yor,\u201d dedi Dionysos.<\/p>\n Zindan\u0131n duvarlar\u0131 \u015earap tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tutmad\u0131; Dionysos, Pentheus\u2019un yan\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak, ona yeni ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tanr\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Pentheus a\u011f\u0131r konu\u015ftu yine, k\u00fcf\u00fcrler etti. Sonra da, saraydan \u00e7\u0131karak daha \u00f6nce zindandan ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olan gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131n pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Teker teker yakalamak istiyordu hepsini. Buldu\u011fu zaman, Thebai\u2019li bir\u00e7ok kad\u0131n\u0131n, bu arada annesinin ve k\u0131z karde\u015flerinin, onlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u0130\u015fte, Dionysos korkun\u00e7 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc o anda kulland\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rtt\u0131. \u00c7\u0131ld\u0131ran kad\u0131nlar, Pentheus\u2019u yabani bir da\u011f aslan\u0131 sanarak \u00fcst\u00fcne sald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Onu par\u00e7alayanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda kendi annesi vard\u0131; \u00f6l\u00fcrken Thebai kral\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131 koydu\u011fu ki\u015finin bir tanr\u0131 oldu\u011funu art\u0131k biliyordu.<\/p>\n Bir s\u00fcre sonra Dionysos, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ak\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131na getirdi. \u015eark\u0131lar, oyunlar ans\u0131z\u0131n kesildi; Pentheus\u2019un annesi ac\u0131yla bakt\u0131 \u00f6teki kad\u0131nlara, ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc bir sessizlik kaplad\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu \u00f6yk\u00fclerdeki de\u011fi\u015fik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, bir \u00e7eli\u015fmeyi g\u00f6sterir gibidir. Sevindiren tanr\u0131 da Dionysos\u2019dur:<\/p>\n Sa\u00e7lar\u0131 alt\u0131nla \u00f6r\u00fclen Can yakan, y\u00fcreksiz tanr\u0131 da:<\/p>\n Alayc\u0131 bir g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015fle Ger\u00e7e\u011fe, onun \u015earap tanr\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlayarak var\u0131labilir. \u015earap, iyi oldu\u011fu kadar k\u00f6t\u00fcd\u00fcr de; insanlar\u0131n i\u00e7ini \u0131s\u0131t\u0131r, onlar\u0131 ne\u015felendirir, ama \u00e7ok ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa sarho\u015f eder. Yunanl\u0131lar, onun bu iki \u00f6zelli\u011fini birden g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in, Dionysos\u2019a yaln\u0131z iyilikler de\u011fil, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler de yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ama birazc\u0131k \u015farab\u0131 her zaman, her zaman sevmi\u015flerdir:<\/p>\n Dionysos\u2019un \u015farab\u0131, \u015earap, \u201cyoksullar\u0131 zenginle\u015ftirmek\u201dle kalmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n Hayat veren, b\u00fct\u00fcn hastal\u0131klar\u0131 iyile\u015ftiren<\/em><\/p>\n Bir kadehi vard\u0131 Dionysos\u2019un. O kadehin i\u00e7indeki i\u00e7kiyi i\u00e7en; cesaretlenir korku diye bir \u015fey tan\u0131maz olurdu. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc insanlar, \u015earap tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6teki tanr\u0131lardan daha \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, daha \u00e7ok severlerdi. Tanr\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla tanr\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Ama ona tapanlar aras\u0131nda, hi\u00e7 \u015farap i\u00e7meyenler de vard\u0131. Dionysos, yaln\u0131z i\u00e7ki yoluyla de\u011fil, esin yoluyla kurtarmay\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmeyi de kabul etmi\u015fti \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131, onu sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f Yunan tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemlisi k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Eleusis t\u00f6renleri, Cicero\u2019nun dedi\u011fi gibi, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca, insanlara \u201cyaln\u0131z mutluluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015famay\u0131 de\u011fil, iyi bir umutla \u00f6lmeyi de \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015ftir.\u201d Ama t\u00f6renler a\u00e7\u0131klanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yaz\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in etkisi k\u0131sa s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, geride yaln\u0131z silik bir an\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dionysos i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan t\u00f6renler \u00f6yle de\u011fildi; b\u00fcy\u00fck bayram, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Yunanistan\u2019daki hi\u00e7bir bayramla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayacak y\u00fccelikte olan \u015fenlikler, baharda, asmalar ye\u015fermeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca ba\u015flar, be\u015f g\u00fcn s\u00fcrerdi. \u201dBar\u0131\u015f, karde\u015flik havas\u0131 eserdi her yerde; kimse yakalan\u0131p zindana at\u0131lmaz, tutsaklar sal\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Halk, yabani ormanlarda, da\u011flarda kanl\u0131 \u015f\u00f6lenlere \u00e7\u00f6kmez, a\u00e7\u0131k havada, bir tiyatroda toplan\u0131r, oynanan oyunlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlerdi. Oyunlar\u0131 yazan \u015fairlere ve oynayan oyuncularla \u015fark\u0131c\u0131lara tanr\u0131n\u0131n u\u015faklar\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Dionysos\u2019un rahibi de, tanr\u0131 ad\u0131na \u015fenliklere kat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Yunan \u015fiirlerinin en g\u00fczelleri Dionysos\u2019a yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kutsal bir tap\u0131m olarak kabul edilen bu t\u00f6ren, tiyatro tarihi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan oldu\u011fu kadar, tiyatro edebiyat\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u015eenliklerde oynanan tragedyalarla, Shakespeare\u2019in d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir yazar boy \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc\u015fememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Komedyalar da oynan\u0131rd\u0131 Dionysos tiyatrosunda; ama tragedyalar say\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha \u00e7oktu her zaman. Mitologyadaki her olay gibi, bu da bir sebebe dayanmaktad\u0131r: Bu yan\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn hi\u00e7 sona ermedi\u011fini de g\u00f6sterirdi, Dionysos. Ona tapanlar, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6tesinde bir hayat\u0131n var oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rlard\u0131. Bu inan\u00e7, Eleusis t\u00f6renlerinde de s\u00fcr\u00fcp gitmi\u015ftir. \u00d6nceleri, Persephone\u2019nin dirili\u015fi kutlanm\u0131\u015f, y\u0131lar ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e onun \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d \u00f6zelli\u011fi de hat\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ki\u015fili\u011finde esen \u00f6l\u00fcm havas\u0131yla Persephone nas\u0131l olmu\u015f da hayat\u0131, dirili\u015fi b\u00fct\u00fcn parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla saklamay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f? B\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr bu. Dionysos\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00fclkesinde o kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. \u015earap tanr\u0131s\u0131, dirilen bir \u00f6l\u00fc de\u011fil, \u00f6len bir diriydi. \u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck inanc\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan da, Persephone\u2019den \u00e7ok, kendisiydi.<\/p>\n (Bu yaz\u0131 lostlibrary.org<\/strong> sitesinden, yay\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n izni al\u0131narak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Zeus, korkun\u00e7 \u015fim\u015fe\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesizce kullanan, gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131n pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fen bir tanr\u0131yd\u0131; Ares, sava\u015ftan, kan d\u00f6k\u00fclmesinden ho\u015flan\u0131rd\u0131; Hera k\u0131skan\u00e7 olmas\u0131 ile birlikte, adalet diye bir \u015fey tan\u0131mazd\u0131. Athena\u2019da \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 severdi; Aphrodite\u2019e tuzak kurmakta, a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 atmakta pek ustayd\u0131 do\u011frusu. Yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131, g\u00fczel tanr\u0131lard\u0131 bunlar, ser\u00fcvenleri de keyifle dinlenirdi; ama zararl\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131 zamanlarda bile \u00e7ekilmez, g\u00fcvenilmezlerdi. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan ele […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":59,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3938","page","type-page","status-publish"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3938"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3938\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nMeyveler toplan\u0131rken par\u0131ldayan<\/em>
\nBir hymnos\u2019dan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em><\/p>\n
\ny\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan bir hymnos\u2019da
\nanlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nYunan \u015fiirinin i\u00e7tenlik, yal\u0131nl\u0131k gibi \u00f6zelliklerine
\nbu \u00f6yk\u00fcde bol bol rastlan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nYer alt\u0131 Tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ettiklerini, k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n yine ona gidece\u011fini anlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\nGel yine tanr\u0131lar \u00fclkesine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6receksin,
\n\u0130stediklerin olacak, ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dindirecek k\u0131z\u0131m
\nY\u0131l bitip de ac\u0131 k\u0131\u015f sona erince.
\nY\u0131l\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birinde karanl\u0131klar \u00fclkesi tutacak onu.
\n\u00dc\u00e7te ikisi senin yan\u0131nda olacak, senin ve mutlu tanr\u0131lar\u0131n.
\nBar\u0131\u015f art\u0131k. Yaln\u0131z senin verebilece\u011fin hayat\u0131 ver insanlara.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nTopra\u011f\u0131n iyi arma\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131 veren,
\nBana da, bana da ver, ey Demeter.
\nPersephone, g\u00fczel k\u0131z,
\nK\u0131zlar\u0131n en sevimlisi,
\nSana sunuyorum bu \u015fark\u0131m\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nHomeros onu tanr\u0131 olarak kabul etmemi\u015ftir.
\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn kaynaklar\u0131,dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n
\nsonlar\u0131yla sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan
\nHesiodos\u2019un baz\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\nD\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir hymnos\u2019da korsan
\ngemisi anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pentheus\u2019un kaderi de be\u015finci
\ny\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fayan Euripides\u2019in son oyununa konu
\nolmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n\u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fcz tanr\u0131lar\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nFrikya\u2019y\u0131 da.
\nG\u00fcn vurmu\u015f ovalar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n,
\nMedlerin r\u00fczgarl\u0131 \u00fclkesini.
\nMutlu Arabistan\u2019\u0131 da.<\/em><\/p>\n
\n\u0130lk \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca \u00f6fkesi a\u011f\u0131r a\u011f\u0131r
\nGe\u00e7ip de tan\u0131y\u0131ncaya kadar
\nAlay etti\u011fi tanr\u0131y\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n
\n\u201cTanr\u0131 m\u0131?\u201d diye sordu Pentheus.
\n\u201cEvet\u201d diye cevap verdi Dionysos. \u201cTanr\u0131 burada, bana ettiklerinizi de kendi g\u00f6zleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.\u201d
\n\u201cHani benim g\u00f6zlerim g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor onu,\u201d dedi Pentheus.
\n\u201cBenim odlu\u011fum yerde duruyor,\u201d dedi Dionysos. \u201cSen, onu g\u00f6remezsin; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc temiz, ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f biri de\u011filsin.\u201d<\/p>\n
\nAl yanakl\u0131 Bakkhos,
\nMutlu alevleri par\u0131ldayan
\nMainadlar\u0131n yolda\u015f\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nAv\u0131n\u0131 avlar,
\nSonra s\u00fcr\u00fckler \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne onu
\nBakkhalar\u0131yla.<\/em><\/p>\n
\n\u00dcz\u00fcnt\u00fcler, kayg\u0131lar b\u0131rak\u0131nca
\nY\u00fcreklerini insanlar\u0131n.
\nHi\u00e7 g\u00f6rmedi\u011fimiz bir \u00fclkeye gideriz.
\nYoksullar zengin olur, zenginler duygulan\u0131r.
\nHer \u015feyi yere serer asmadan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oklar.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nGarip tanr\u0131 Dionysos, Demeter gibi ac\u0131 \u00e7eken bir \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fc; ac\u0131s\u0131, ba\u015fkas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fildi, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kendinden gelmekteydi. Asma, meyve veren \u00f6teki a\u011fa\u00e7lara, bitkilere benzemez; hepsinden \u00e7ok budan\u0131r. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n yapraks\u0131z, \u00e7\u0131plak, e\u011fri b\u00fc\u011fr\u00fcd\u00fcr… Asma Dionysos, so\u011fuklar\u0131n geli\u015fiyle Persephone gibi \u00f6l\u00fcrd\u00fc; ama \u00e7ok daha korkun\u00e7 bir \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fc bu; baz\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fclere g\u00f6re Titanlar\u0131n, baz\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fclere g\u00f6re de Hera\u2019n\u0131n buyru\u011fuyla, parampar\u00e7a edilirdi. Aylar ge\u00e7er, yeniden canlan\u0131rd\u0131 Dionysos; sonra aylar ge\u00e7er, yeniden \u00f6l\u00fcrd\u00fc. Tiyatrosunda, onun yeniden hayata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc kutlarlarken, her y\u0131l durmadan \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc unutmazlar, o y\u00fczden tragedyalar oynarlard\u0131. \u015earap tanr\u0131s\u0131 ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmenin \u00e7ok \u00f6tesindeydi; \u201ctrajik\u201d bir tanr\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n
\n F\u0131rat “Desang’ard” Hac\u0131ahmeto\u011flu<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n