{"id":3944,"date":"2010-04-17T11:59:20","date_gmt":"2010-04-17T08:59:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/?page_id=3944"},"modified":"2012-01-31T10:42:15","modified_gmt":"2012-01-31T08:42:15","slug":"dunyanin-ve-insanin-yaratilisi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/mitolojiler\/dunyanin-ve-insanin-yaratilisi\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve \u0130nsan\u0131n Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fayan Aiskhylos\u2019un
\nanlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Prometheus<\/em> \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc bir yana
\nb\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm Hesiodos\u2019un yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6nce o Khaos vard\u0131, sonsuz, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bo\u015fluk,
\nBir deniz kadar vah\u015fi, deniz kadar karanl\u0131k.<\/em><\/p>\n

Milton\u2019un s\u00f6zleridir bunlar; Yunanl\u0131lar da b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f, her \u015feyden, tanr\u0131lardan bile \u00f6nce karanl\u0131kla kapl\u0131 bir Khaos\u2019un var oldu\u011funa inanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. O bi\u00e7imsiz hi\u00e7lik, ans\u0131z\u0131n iki \u00e7ocuk do\u011furuvermi\u015ftir; Gece ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dipsiz derinlik Erebus…<\/strong> Uzun s\u00fcre, evren yaln\u0131z karanl\u0131k, bo\u015fluk, sessizlik, sonsuzluk olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131llar ge\u00e7mi\u015f birden inan\u0131lmaz bir \u015fey olmu\u015ftur. Bu olay\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck oyun yazar\u0131 Aristophanes, \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n

… Kara kanatl\u0131 gece
\nKaranl\u0131k, derin g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne Erebus\u2019un
\nBir yumurta b\u0131rakt\u0131, mevsimler ge\u00e7ti
\nVe sevgi do\u011fdu birdenbire, \u00f6zlenen,
\nPar\u0131ldayan, alt\u0131n kanatl\u0131 sevgi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sevgi, karanl\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00fcmden do\u011fmu\u015ftu, do\u011fumuyla o k\u00f6r kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 silmeye, d\u00fczeni, g\u00fczelli\u011fi getirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. I\u015f\u0131k\u2019\u0131, ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 G\u00fcn\u2019\u00fc yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Art\u0131k s\u0131ra yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn yarat\u0131lmas\u0131na gelmi\u015fti; bu olay\u0131 da, yukar\u0131daki olaylar gibi, kimse a\u00e7\u0131klayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc durup dururken yarat\u0131l\u0131vermi\u015ftir i\u015fte. Zaten \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 sevginin geli\u015finden belliydi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yolda oldu\u011fu.<\/p>\n

Geni\u015f g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsl\u00fc Yery\u00fcz\u00fc,
\nHer \u015feyin temeli olan g\u00fczel Yery\u00fcz\u00fc
\nAya\u011fa kalkt\u0131; \u00f6nce y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 G\u00f6k\u2019\u00fc
\nDo\u011furdu, kendini sars\u0131n, \u00e7evrelesin,
\nVe kutlu tanr\u0131lara yuval\u0131k yaps\u0131n diye.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hesiodos\u2019un bu s\u00f6zlerinden de anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r; ilk yarat\u0131klar\u0131n yer mi, ki\u015fi mi olduklar\u0131 belli de\u011fildir. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bir toprak par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu ortadayd\u0131, ama silik de olsa bir ki\u015fili\u011fi vard\u0131. G\u00f6k, havalarda mavilikti, ama zaman zaman insanlar gibi davran\u0131yordu. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcleri uyduran canl\u0131lar, de\u011fi\u015fen ve k\u0131m\u0131ldayan her \u015feyi kendileri gibi sanarak onlara birer ki\u015filik katm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc yazdan k\u0131\u015fa, k\u0131\u015ftan yaza de\u011fi\u015fir, g\u00f6kte y\u0131ld\u0131zlar yan\u0131p s\u00f6ner, deniz hep dalgalan\u0131rd\u0131. Sevgi ile I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ki\u015filik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ele al\u0131n\u0131nca, \u00f6nemi daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc; bu iki kavram, insanlar gibi yemek yiyor, yol y\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Bir bak\u0131ma, insano\u011flunun yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 da onlard\u0131, denebilir.<\/p>\n

Kendilerinde ger\u00e7ekten hayat \u00f6zelliklerine rastlanan yarat\u0131klar, Yery\u00fcz\u00fc Ana ile G\u00f6k Baba\u2019n\u0131n (Gaia ile Uranos\u2019un) \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n insanlar\u0131, ilk yarat\u0131klar\u0131n nas\u0131l acayip, dev, canavar\u0131ms\u0131 bir varl\u0131k oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorsa, Yunanl\u0131lar da \u00f6yle inanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ama onlar\u0131 kertenkeleler, mamutlar, olarak kabul etmemi\u015f, da\u011flar\u0131 kald\u0131ran, denizleri titreten varl\u0131klar diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

O canavar\u0131ms\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 tanesi hepsinden iri, hepsinden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc. Her birinin y\u00fczer elli, elli\u015fer kafas\u0131 vard\u0131. Al\u0131nlar\u0131nda tekerlek kadar kocaman birer g\u00f6z oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kendilerine Kykloplar (Tekerlek g\u00f6zl\u00fc)<\/em> ad\u0131 verilen \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131 yarat\u0131k da da\u011flar kadar kocamand\u0131. Daha sonra Titanlar geliyordu. Onlar\u0131n \u00f6tekilerden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez, ama ac\u0131mak nedir bildikleri, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan geride kald\u0131klar\u0131 rahat\u00e7a ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Hele i\u00e7lerinden birisi, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131mdan kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r insanlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu korkun\u00e7 varl\u0131klar\u0131n, yaln\u0131z Yery\u00fcz\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kadar derinliklerinden \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131p G\u00f6k\u2019\u00fcn de \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olmas\u0131 tuhaft\u0131r. Yunanl\u0131larda b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fler, G\u00f6k Baba\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 sevmedi\u011fine, y\u00fczer elli, elli\u015fer ba\u015fl\u0131 acayip evlatlar\u0131ni yerin alt\u0131nda bir yere sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. G\u00f6k Baba, yaln\u0131z Titanlarla, Kykloplar\u0131 ortada b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; \u00f6teki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na haks\u0131zl\u0131k edildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen yery\u00fcz\u00fc, cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmayan karde\u015flere ba\u015f vurarak onlardan yard\u0131m istedi. Karde\u015flerin \u00f6c\u00fcn\u00fc almay\u0131 Titan Kronos kabul etti yaln\u0131z. Babas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131st\u0131rarak yaralad\u0131. G\u00f6k\u2019\u00fcn akan kan\u0131ndan devler do\u011fdu. Erinysler de o kandan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Ba\u015flar\u0131nda sa\u00e7 yerine y\u0131lanlar bulunan, ya\u015f yerine kanlar ak\u0131tan g\u00f6zleri olan yarat\u0131klard\u0131 Erinysler; kendilerine \u201ckaranl\u0131kta y\u00fcr\u00fcyenler\u201d ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6revleri k\u00f6t\u00fclerin arkalar\u0131ndan giderek onlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmakt\u0131. \u00d6teki canavarlarda Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, ama d\u00fcnya da hala k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck, g\u00fcnah bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in Erinyslere dokunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Romal\u0131lar\u0131n Saturnus dedi\u011fi Kronos, art\u0131k evrenin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015fti; o\u011fullar\u0131ndan Zeus kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklan\u0131ncaya kadar, y\u00f6netimi k\u0131z karde\u015fi ve kar\u0131s\u0131 Rhea (Latince de, Ops) ile birlikte elinde tuttu. Kronos o\u011fullar\u0131ndan birinin, kendini devirece\u011fini zaten \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fti; kaderin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in, ne zaman \u00e7ocu\u011fu olsa, onu do\u011far do\u011fmaz yutuyordu. Ama Rhea, alt\u0131nc\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fu Zeus\u2019u do\u011furunca kocas\u0131na kuma\u015flara sar\u0131l\u0131 bir ta\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 yutturdu, o\u011flunu da gizlice Girit\u2019e yollad\u0131. Zeus b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcnce, b\u00fcy\u00fckannesi Yery\u00fcz\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn yard\u0131m\u0131yla be\u015f karde\u015fini Kronos\u2019un karn\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu olay\u0131, Titanlar\u0131n destekledi\u011fi Kronos\u2019la Zeus ve karde\u015fleri aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sava\u015f izledi. \u00d6yle bir sava\u015ft\u0131 ki bu, evren az kald\u0131 yak\u0131l\u0131p gidiyordu:<\/p>\n

Korkun\u00e7 bir ses yay\u0131ld\u0131, u\u00e7suz denize.
\nB\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k kopard\u0131 toprak.
\nSars\u0131lan geni\u015f g\u00f6k inledi.
\nUzaklardaki Olympos sendeledi
\n\u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fcz tanr\u0131lar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla,
\nVe titreme kaplad\u0131 kara Tartaros\u2019u.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sonunda Titanlar yenildiler. Zeus, y\u00fczer elli, elli\u015fer ba\u015fl\u0131 canavarlar\u0131 kurtar\u0131p sava\u015f boyunca onlardan ve onlar\u0131n g\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc, \u015fim\u015fek, deprem gibi kar\u015f\u0131 konulmaz silahlar\u0131ndan yararlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Titan Iapetos\u2019un o\u011fullar\u0131ndan ak\u0131ll\u0131 Prometheus da Zeus\u2019u desteklemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6kler tanr\u0131s\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131rken ac\u0131mak nedir bilmiyordu:<\/p>\n

Ac\u0131 zincirlere vurdu onlar\u0131 toprak alt\u0131nda.
\nG\u00f6k nas\u0131l y\u00fcceyse topraktan, toprak alt\u0131nda
\nO kadar uzakt\u0131r Tartaros.
\nBir \u00f6rs b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa dokuz g\u00fcn, dokuz gece d\u00fc\u015fer,
\nOnuncu gece de\u011fer topra\u011fa g\u00f6kten.
\nDokuz g\u00fcn, dokuz gece d\u00fc\u015ferek yine
\nVar\u0131r sivri \u00e7itlerle \u00e7evrili Tartaros\u2019a.<\/em><\/p>\n

Prometheus\u2019un karde\u015fi Atlas\u2019\u0131n kaderi ise daha k\u00f6t\u00fcyd\u00fc:<\/p>\n

S\u0131rt\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131yacakt\u0131 hep
\nEzici d\u00fcnyan\u0131n zalim a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,
\nG\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn kemerini de.
\nOmuzlar\u0131nda ki o b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fctun
\nToprakla g\u00f6\u011f\u00fc ay\u0131racakt\u0131,
\nKolay de\u011fildi bunlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte o y\u00fck\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yarak bulutlarla karanl\u0131\u011fa sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yerde duracakt\u0131 Atlas. Yan\u0131ndaki evde s\u0131ras\u0131yla Gece ile G\u00fcnd\u00fcz kalacak, biri d\u00fcnyadayken \u00f6teki evde bekleyecekti. G\u00fcnd\u00fcz yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ya\u015fayanlar i\u00e7in \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu; \u00f6teki de ellerinde \u00d6l\u00fcm\u2019\u00fcn karde\u015fi Uyku\u2019yu tutmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Titanlar yenilmi\u015flerdi yenilmesine, yine de Zeus sava\u015f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcne kazanm\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmazd\u0131. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc, sonuncu ve en korkun\u00e7 olan Typhon\u2019u do\u011furmu\u015ftu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc:<\/p>\n

Alevler sa\u00e7an y\u00fcz ba\u015fl\u0131 bir canavar,
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn tanr\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanan.
\n\u00d6l\u00fcm f\u0131rlat\u0131rd\u0131 korkun\u00e7 a\u011fz\u0131,
\nG\u00f6zleri ate\u015fle parlard\u0131. <\/em><\/p>\n

Zeus da bu arada y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mla \u015fim\u015fe\u011fi eline ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti art\u0131k. O silahlar\u0131 kendinden ba\u015fka kimse kullanam\u0131yordu. \u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stererek Typhon\u2019u,<\/p>\n

Uyumak bilmeyen \u015fim\u015fekle vurdu,
\nAlev soluklu y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mla.
\nAte\u015f, kalbine kadar i\u015fledi Typhon\u2019un.
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fc yan\u0131p k\u00fcl oldu.
\n\u015eimdi Etna\u2019n\u0131n orada yat\u0131yor,
\nDeprenince k\u0131z\u0131l \u0131rmaklar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor,
\nYak\u0131yor yemi\u015flerle, \u00e7i\u00e7eklerle s\u00fcsl\u00fc
\nTopraklar\u0131n\u0131 Sicilya\u2019n\u0131n.
\nTyphon\u2019un \u00f6fkesidir \u015fimdi kaynayan,
\nAte\u015f p\u00fcsk\u00fcren soluklar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bir s\u00fcre sonra devler de ayaklan\u0131p, Zeus\u2019u ala\u015fa\u011f\u0131 etmek istediler. Ama tanr\u0131lar art\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015flerdi, hepsi Zeus\u2019a yard\u0131m ediyordu; G\u00f6kler tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu Herakles\u2019de, babas\u0131n\u0131 destekliyordu. Devlerde yenilip solu\u011fu Tartaros\u2019da ald\u0131lar. G\u00f6k, Yery\u00fcz\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc yenmi\u015f, Zeus, karde\u015fleri ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla birlikte \u201ciktidar\u201da el koymu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Art\u0131k d\u00fcnya, canavarlardan temizlenmi\u015f, insanlar i\u00e7in haz\u0131r olmu\u015ftu. \u0130nsanlar kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na ans\u0131z\u0131n bir Titan\u0131n, bir devin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131vermesi korkusu diye bir \u015fey bilmeden, rahat\u00e7a ya\u015fay\u0131p,\u00e7o\u011falabilirlerdi.<\/p>\n

Yunal\u0131lar, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n Deniz taraf\u0131ndan ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rlard\u0131; onlara g\u00f6re iki deniz vard\u0131. Deniz ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan Akdeniz ile Karadeniz… Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7evresinde de, r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n, f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n sular\u0131na de\u011fmedi\u011fi Okeanos ak\u0131yordu. Okeanos\u2019un kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ki\u015fileri \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcler pek tan\u0131mazlard\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7meyi ba\u015farabilen insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Yine de Okeanos\u2019un \u00f6tesine dair bir \u015feyler bilinirdi:<\/p>\n

Kuzeyde, Kuzey R\u00fczgarlar\u0131n\u0131n bile kuzeyinde, Hyperborelerin mutlu \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc vard\u0131; o \u00fclkeye ne deniz, ne de akara yoluyla gidilebilirdi. Birka\u00e7 yabanc\u0131dan, \u00fcnl\u00fc kahramandan ba\u015fka kimseler Hyperboreleri g\u00f6rmemi\u015fti. Yak\u0131nlarda oturan Musalar\u0131n tatl\u0131 sesleri, \u00e7alg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n duru musikisi duyulurdu her yanda; Hyperboreler sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rer, \u015f\u00f6lenler verir, hastal\u0131k, \u00f6l\u00fcm nedir bilmeden ya\u015farlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kutlu \u00f6l\u00fclerin \u00fclkesi de Okeanos\u2019un k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndayd\u0131. Kar\u0131n, ya\u011fmurun d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n, f\u0131rt\u0131nan\u0131n u\u011framad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yerdi oras\u0131; Okeanos\u2019dan gelen Bat\u0131 R\u00fczgar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fclerin ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 ne\u015felendirecek \u015fark\u0131lar getirirdi. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde iyilik yapanlar, \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra dosdo\u011fru o \u00fclkeye g\u00f6nderilirdi.<\/p>\n

Yorgunluktan ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir hayat verilmi\u015ftir onlara.
\nArt\u0131k ne topra\u011f\u0131, ne de sular\u0131 denizin
\nG\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc elleriyle tedirgin etmeyecekler.
\nDoyurmayan yemek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak yok art\u0131k.
\nG\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 olmayan bir hayat s\u00fcrecekler.
\nO kutlu adalarda deniz meltemleri esecek,
\nAlt\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ekler a\u00e7acak a\u011fa\u00e7larda,
\nVe sularda, sularda da a\u00e7acak. <\/em><\/p>\n

Evet, art\u0131k insano\u011flu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilirdi. K\u00f6t\u00fclerin, iyilerin \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra gidecekleri yerler bile haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; yaln\u0131z onlar\u0131 yaratmak gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsano\u011flunun yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 konusunda de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler vard\u0131 mitologyada. Baz\u0131lar\u0131, bu g\u00f6revin Titanlarla olan sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Zeus\u2019u tutan bir Titana, Prometheus\u2019a ve karde\u015fi Epimetheus\u2019a verildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylerler. Prometheus, b\u00fct\u00fcn tanr\u0131lardan daha ak\u0131ll\u0131yd\u0131; ama karde\u015fi durmadan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini de\u011fi\u015ftirir, akl\u0131n\u0131 kullanmazd\u0131. Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015fta da aynen \u00f6yle oldu. Epimetheus, insanlar\u0131 yaratmadan \u00f6nce en iyi arma\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131 hayvanlara verdi; kuvveti, \u00e7evikli\u011fi, cesareti, kurnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00fcrkleri, t\u00fcyleri, kanatlar\u0131, kabuklar\u0131 hep hayvanlara da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131. Sonunda pi\u015fman oldu. Karde\u015fine ko\u015farak durumu anlatt\u0131. Prometheus d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131, insano\u011flunu b\u00fct\u00fcn yarat\u0131klardan \u00fcst\u00fcn k\u0131lman\u0131n bir yolunu buldu. Daha soylu bir bi\u00e7im verdi ona, tanr\u0131lara benzeyen bir bi\u00e7im.. Sonra g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne, g\u00fcne\u015fe \u00e7\u0131karak oradan ate\u015fi indirdi yery\u00fcz\u00fcne; korunma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan korunma bak\u0131m\u0131mdan k\u00fcrklerden de, cesaretten de, \u00e7eviklikten de \u00fcst\u00fcn olan ate\u015fi sundu insanlara.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re de, insano\u011flunu tanr\u0131lar yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nce alt\u0131n bir soy meydana getirmi\u015ftir tanr\u0131lar, ona ac\u0131, keder diye bir \u015fey vermemi\u015ftir. O soyun insanlar\u0131 k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrlerini tanr\u0131lar gibi ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, \u00f6l\u00fcnce de ruhlar\u0131 insanlar\u0131n koruyucusu olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Tanr\u0131lar bir \u015fey yarat\u0131r da, sonra onu \u00f6ylece b\u0131rak\u0131rlar m\u0131 hi\u00e7? Alt\u0131n soydan \u00e7abuk b\u0131kt\u0131lar tabii, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f soyu denediler. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f soyun insanlar\u0131 daha ak\u0131ls\u0131zd\u0131, bu y\u00fczden de hep birbirlerine giriyorlard\u0131. Onlar da \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcyd\u00fc, ama \u00f6l\u00fcnce ruhlar\u0131 da birlikte \u00f6l\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Arkas\u0131ndan pirin\u00e7 soy geldi. Korkun\u00e7 bir soydu bu; kana susam\u0131\u015f, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kuvvetli insanlar durmadan sava\u015f\u0131r, durmadan birbirlerini \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrlerdi.<\/p>\n

Bunu, tanr\u0131sal kahramanlar\u0131n soyu izledi. Bu y\u00fcce soyun insanlar\u0131 \u015fark\u0131lara, destanlara, \u015fiirlere konu oldu, adlar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Be\u015finci soy, \u015fimdi d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fayan ki\u015filerin soyudur: Demir Soy.<\/em> \u00c7a\u011flar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131r, kendileri de k\u00f6t\u00fcd\u00fcr. Y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015feceklerdir. Sonunda utanman\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu bilmez bir duruma geleceklerdir. \u0130\u015fte o zaman Zeus, hepsini yok edecektir.<\/p>\n

Bu iki yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, ne kadar ayr\u0131 olursa olsun, bir konuda birle\u015fir. Uzun bir s\u00fcre, \u00f6zellikle Alt\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f boyunca, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde yaln\u0131z erkekler vard\u0131: hi\u00e7 kad\u0131n yoktu. Zeus, Prometheus\u2019a inat olsun diye yaratt\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131; Prometheus tanr\u0131lar tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n geri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ate\u015fi yaln\u0131z erkekler i\u00e7in yeniden \u00e7alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zeus\u2019u k\u0131zd\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi \u015fudur:<\/p>\n

Prometheus, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6k\u00fcz kesti; iyi, yenecek yerlerini bir araya y\u0131\u011farak \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015fkembeyle \u00f6rtt\u00fc. Kemikleri de bir araya toplad\u0131, onun \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc de p\u0131r\u0131l p\u0131r\u0131l ya\u011fla \u00f6rtt\u00fc. Sonra Zeus\u2019a \u00e7\u0131karak iki y\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan birini se\u00e7mesini s\u00f6yledi. Zeus, ya\u011fla kapl\u0131 y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ti tabii; alttaki kemikleri fark\u0131na vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, i\u015f i\u015ften ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. O y\u00fczden, insanlar tanr\u0131lar i\u00e7in kestikleri kurbanlar\u0131n ya\u011f\u0131yla kemiklerini tap\u0131naklarda yakar, iyi yerlerini de pi\u015firerek yerler.<\/p>\n

Prometheus\u2019un etti\u011fi oyuna k\u0131zan Zeus, \u00f6\u00e7 almak i\u00e7in sevimli bir ki\u015fi yaratt\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn tanr\u0131lar, pe\u00e7elerle, \u00f6rt\u00fclerle, \u00e7i\u00e7eklerle ve alt\u0131n ta\u00e7la donatt\u0131lar onu, ad\u0131n\u0131 da \u201cherkesin arma\u011fan\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Pandora dediler. Bu g\u00fczel \u201cfelaket\u201d yarat\u0131l\u0131nca, Zeus onu yery\u00fcz\u00fcne indirdi; o g\u00fcnden sonra da kad\u0131n, erkeklerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olup \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131lar\u0131, insanlar\u0131 mutsuz k\u0131lan k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin Pandora\u2019n\u0131n kendisinden de\u011fil de, merak\u0131ndan ileri geldi\u011fini s\u00f6ylerler. Tanr\u0131lar, bir sand\u0131k al\u0131p i\u00e7ini zararl\u0131 \u015feylerle doldurdular; o sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Pandora\u2019ya vererek onu a\u00e7mamas\u0131n\u0131 bildirdiler. Sonra Pandora\u2019y\u0131, sand\u0131kla birlikte, Epimetheus\u2019a sundular. Prometheus, karde\u015fine Zeus\u2019dan gelecek arma\u011fanlar\u0131 kabul etmemesini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti ama kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki yarat\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fini g\u00f6ren Epimetheus dayanamad\u0131. Ne bilirdi ki, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ki varl\u0131k, varl\u0131klar\u0131n en tehlikelisi olan kad\u0131nd\u0131r? Pandora da, b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar gibi merakl\u0131yd\u0131. Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde ne oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyordu. Bir g\u00fcn kapa\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131; sand\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inden hastal\u0131klar, ac\u0131lar, kederler, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Korkuyla kapa\u011f\u0131 kapad\u0131 Pandora, fakat \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; olan olmu\u015ftu bir kere. Bir tek iyi \u015fey \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131 sand\u0131ktan: Umut. \u0130\u015fte o y\u00fczden, insanlar bug\u00fcn de k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 koymak cesaretini, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc buluyorlar.<\/p>\n

Zeus, kad\u0131n\u0131 yaratarak cezaland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 insanlar\u0131; art\u0131k s\u0131ra Prometheus\u2019dayd\u0131. Onu Kafkas\u2019larda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kayaya k\u0131r\u0131lmaz zincirlerle ba\u011flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Dayan\u0131lmaz arma\u011fan durmadan \u00f6\u011f\u00fctecek seni.
\nSeni kurtaracak ki\u015fi daha do\u011fmad\u0131.
\nTuttu\u011fun yollara kar\u015f\u0131 bunu bi\u00e7iyorsun.
\nSen bir tanr\u0131yd\u0131n, korkmad\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6fkesinden,
\nZamans\u0131z bir onur sundun b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fclere.
\nOnun i\u00e7in bu mutsuz kayay\u0131 bekleyeceksin,
\nDinlenmeyeceksin, uyumayacaks\u0131n art\u0131k,
\nS\u00f6zlerin inilti olacak, a\u011f\u0131t olacak kelimelerin.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu i\u015fkencenin sebebi yaln\u0131z Zeus\u2019un \u00f6\u00e7 alma iste\u011fi de\u011fildi, tanr\u0131lar tanr\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir s\u0131rr\u0131 yaln\u0131z Prometheus biliyordu. Bir g\u00fcn, Zeus\u2019un bir o\u011flu olacak, o o\u011fulda babas\u0131n\u0131 taht\u0131ndan indirip yerine ge\u00e7ecek ve b\u00fct\u00fcn tanr\u0131lar\u0131 Olympos\u2019dan s\u00fcrecekti. \u0130\u015fte Zeus\u2019u devirecek, o o\u011flun annesinin kim oldu\u011funu yaln\u0131z Prometheus biliyordu. Zeus, habercisi Hermes\u2019i yollad\u0131 ona, s\u0131rr\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek istedi. Prometheus s\u0131rr\u0131 vermedi. Hermes inat etmeye devam ederse ba\u015f\u0131na daha k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015feylerin gelebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi:<\/p>\n

Kanla k\u0131z\u0131lla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir kartal gelecek,
\n\u00c7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z bir konuk gibi \u00e7\u00f6kecek \u015f\u00f6lene.
\nG\u00fcn boyunca g\u00f6vdeni par\u00e7alay\u0131p
\nKararm\u0131\u015f ci\u011ferini yiyecek \u00f6fkeyle.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ama hi\u00e7bir \u015fey konu\u015fturam\u0131yordu Prometheus\u2019u. G\u00f6vdesi ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131 ama ruhu \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fc. Titanlarla olan sava\u015fta yard\u0131m etmi\u015fti Zeus\u2019a; \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcleri de korumu\u015ftu. \u00c7ekti\u011fi ac\u0131 haks\u0131zd\u0131; Hermes\u2019e cevap verdi:<\/p>\n

Beni konu\u015fturacak g\u00fc\u00e7 yoktur.
\nPar\u0131ldayan \u015fim\u015fe\u011fini f\u0131rlats\u0131n Zeus,
\nBeyaz kanatlar\u0131yla kar\u0131n,
\nY\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mla, depremle
\nYaks\u0131n bu d\u00fcnyay\u0131.
\nS\u00f6ylemem; benim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncemi de\u011fi\u015ftiremez.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hermes,<\/p>\n

Hep deli sa\u00e7mal\u0131klar\u0131 bu s\u00f6ylediklerin,<\/em><\/p>\n

diye ba\u011f\u0131rarak \u00e7ekip gitti. Y\u0131llar sonra Prometheus b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131; ama nas\u0131l, neden b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin olarak belli de\u011fildir. Kentaus Khiron, onunla yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi, onun u\u011fruna \u00f6lmeyi istemi\u015ftir. B\u00f6yle bir \u00f6yk\u00fc vard\u0131r mitologyada. Hermes bir ara, Prometheus\u2019a \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti:<\/p>\n

Bu ac\u0131n\u0131n sonu yok; burada kalacaks\u0131n
\nBir tanr\u0131, iste\u011fiyle ac\u0131 \u00e7ekinceye kadar
\nKara derinliklerine \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn.
\nG\u00fcne\u015fin karanl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7evirdi\u011fi yere,
\nSenin yerine, ininceye kadar. <\/em><\/p>\n

Ama Khiron bunu yapt\u0131 Zeus, Prometheus\u2019un yerine onun ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmesini kabul etti. Baz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re Herakles, kartal\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp Prometheus\u2019u kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r bunu da Zeus\u2019un istedi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir. Zeus neden karar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi, Prometheus s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 verdi mi, vermedi mi bilinmiyor. Ama bilinen bir \u015fey var: Prometheus, sonuna kadar dayanm\u0131\u015f, Zeus\u2019a ba\u015fe\u011fmemi\u015ftir: Eski Yunan\u2019dan bug\u00fcne kadar haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015f kald\u0131ran bir varl\u0131k olarak sevilmi\u015f, say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f konusunda bir ba\u015fka \u00f6yk\u00fc daha vard\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ta\u015f soyundan geldi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcren bir \u00f6yk\u00fc, Tufan\u2019la ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki insanlar o kadar k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftiler ki, Zeus hepsini yok etmeye karar verdi. Karde\u015fi deniz tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla her yeri suyla kaplatt\u0131, sele bo\u011fdu. Yaln\u0131z y\u00fcce Parnasson<\/em> \u0131slanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dokuz g\u00fcn, dokuz gece ya\u011fan ya\u011fmurlar b\u00fcy\u00fck, tahta bir sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Parnasson\u2019a att\u0131. \u0130\u00e7inde iki insan vard\u0131 sand\u0131\u011f\u0131n: Prometheus o\u011flu Deukalion ve Epimetheus ile Pandora\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131zlar\u0131 Pyrrha. Yarat\u0131klar\u0131n en ak\u0131ll\u0131s\u0131 Prometheus, kendi ailesini korumas\u0131n\u0131 bilmi\u015f, seller ba\u015flay\u0131nca, o\u011fluna bir sand\u0131k yapt\u0131rtm\u0131\u015f, yiyeceklerle doldurarak kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p i\u00e7ine girmesini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Neyse ki, Zeus k\u0131zmad\u0131 bu olaya. Deulalion da. Pyrrha da tanr\u0131lar tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 severdi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Sand\u0131k k\u0131y\u0131ya vurunca Zeus sular\u0131 \u00e7ekti. \u00d6l\u00fc bir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tek yarat\u0131klar\u0131yd\u0131. Kaygan, yosunlu ta\u015flardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir tap\u0131na\u011fa geldiler. Korkun\u00e7 yaln\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir yol tutmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini sordular, yakard\u0131lar. Bir ses duydular ans\u0131z\u0131n:\u201dY\u00fczlerinizi \u00f6rt\u00fcn ve annenizin kemiklerini arkan\u0131za at\u0131n.\u201d<\/em> Korku kaplad\u0131 iki sevgiliyi, Pyrrha b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey yapamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi; Deukalion\u2019da onun gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu, birden bire akl\u0131na bir \u015fey geldi. \u201cBizim annemiz toprakt\u0131r,\u201d<\/em> dedi kar\u0131s\u0131na \u201cOnun kemikleri de ta\u015ft\u0131r. Kimseye zarar vermeden onun ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 arkam\u0131za atabiliriz.\u201d<\/em> \u00d6yle yapt\u0131lar. Arkalar\u0131na att\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015flar yere de\u011fer de\u011fmez, bir insan bi\u00e7imi al\u0131yordu. Ta\u015f insanlar diye adland\u0131rd\u0131lar onlar\u0131; b\u00f6ylece insan soyu da ortadan kalkmaktan kurtuldu.<\/p>\n

\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong> <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya mitolojisi.
\nGreg&Roman
\nEdith Hamilton – MYTHOLOGY- NEW AMERICAN LIBRARY
\n<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli Web Siteleri:
\nhttp:\/\/www.bulfinch.org\/
\nhttp:\/\/members.tripod.com\/~srinivasp\/mythology\/stories.htm<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
F\u0131rat “Desang’ard” Hac\u0131ahmeto\u011flu<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(Bu yaz\u0131 lostlibrary.org<\/strong> sitesinden, yay\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n izni al\u0131narak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fayan Aiskhylos\u2019un anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Prometheus \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm Hesiodos\u2019un yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan derlenmi\u015ftir. \u00d6nce o Khaos vard\u0131, sonsuz, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bo\u015fluk, Bir deniz kadar vah\u015fi, deniz kadar karanl\u0131k. Milton\u2019un s\u00f6zleridir bunlar; Yunanl\u0131lar da b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f, her \u015feyden, tanr\u0131lardan bile \u00f6nce karanl\u0131kla kapl\u0131 bir Khaos\u2019un var oldu\u011funa inanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. O bi\u00e7imsiz hi\u00e7lik, ans\u0131z\u0131n iki \u00e7ocuk do\u011furuvermi\u015ftir; […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":59,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3944","page","type-page","status-publish"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3944","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3944"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3944\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kayiprihtim.org\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}